Human ocular counter-rolling and roll tilt perception during off-vertical axis rotation after spaceflight.
Identifieur interne : 000D41 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000D40; suivant : 000D42Human ocular counter-rolling and roll tilt perception during off-vertical axis rotation after spaceflight.
Auteurs : Gilles Clément [France] ; Pierre Denise [France] ; Millard F. Reschke [États-Unis] ; Scott J. Wood [États-Unis]Source :
- Journal of Vestibular Research [ 0957-4271 ] ; 2007.
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Abstract
Ocular counter-rolling (OCR) induced by whole body tilt in roll has been explored after spaceflight as an indicator of the adaptation of the otolith function to microgravity. It has been claimed that the overall pattern of OCR responses during static body tilt after spaceflight is indicative of a decreased role of the otolith function, but the results of these studies have not been consistent, mostly due to large variations in the OCR within and across individuals. By contrast with static head tilt, off-vertical axis rotation (OVAR) presents the advantage of generating a sinusoidal modulation of OCR, allowing averaged measurements over several cycles, thus improving measurement accuracy. Accordingly, OCR and the sense of roll tilt were evaluated in seven astronauts before and after spaceflight during OVAR at 45 degrees/s in darkness at two angles of tilt (10 degrees and 20 degrees). There was no significant difference in OCR during OVAR immediately after landing compared to preflight. However, the amplitude of the perceived roll tilt during OVAR was significantly larger immediately postflight, and then returned to control values in the following days. Since the OCR response is predominantly attributed to the shearing force exerted on the utricular macula, the absence of change in OCR postflight suggests that the peripheral otolith organs function normally after short-term spaceflight. However, the increased sense of roll tilt indicates an adaptation in the central processing of gravitational input, presumably related to a re-weighting of the internal representation of gravitational vertical as a result of adaptation to microgravity.
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Wood</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><hal:affiliation type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-74008" status="INCOMING"><orgName>Universities Space Research Association</orgName><orgName type="acronym">USRA</orgName><desc><address><addrLine>3600 Bay Area Boulevard Houston, TX 77058</addrLine><country key="US"></country></address><ref type="url">http://www.usra.edu/</ref></desc><listRelation><relation active="#struct-319805" type="direct"></relation></listRelation><tutelles><tutelle active="#struct-319805" type="direct"><org type="institution" xml:id="struct-319805" status="INCOMING"><orgName>US Universities</orgName><desc><address><country key="FR"></country></address></desc></org></tutelle></tutelles></hal:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of Vestibular Research</title><idno type="ISSN">0957-4271</idno><imprint><date type="datePub">2007</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="mix" xml:lang="en"><term>Human</term><term>adaptation</term><term>microgravity</term><term>ocular torsion</term><term>tilt perception</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Ocular counter-rolling (OCR) induced by whole body tilt in roll has been explored after spaceflight as an indicator of the adaptation of the otolith function to microgravity. It has been claimed that the overall pattern of OCR responses during static body tilt after spaceflight is indicative of a decreased role of the otolith function, but the results of these studies have not been consistent, mostly due to large variations in the OCR within and across individuals. By contrast with static head tilt, off-vertical axis rotation (OVAR) presents the advantage of generating a sinusoidal modulation of OCR, allowing averaged measurements over several cycles, thus improving measurement accuracy. Accordingly, OCR and the sense of roll tilt were evaluated in seven astronauts before and after spaceflight during OVAR at 45 degrees/s in darkness at two angles of tilt (10 degrees and 20 degrees). There was no significant difference in OCR during OVAR immediately after landing compared to preflight. However, the amplitude of the perceived roll tilt during OVAR was significantly larger immediately postflight, and then returned to control values in the following days. Since the OCR response is predominantly attributed to the shearing force exerted on the utricular macula, the absence of change in OCR postflight suggests that the peripheral otolith organs function normally after short-term spaceflight. However, the increased sense of roll tilt indicates an adaptation in the central processing of gravitational input, presumably related to a re-weighting of the internal representation of gravitational vertical as a result of adaptation to microgravity.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>France</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Basse-Normandie</li></region><settlement><li>Caen</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université de Caen Basse-Normandie</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="France"><noRegion><name sortKey="Clement, Gilles" sort="Clement, Gilles" uniqKey="Clement G" first="Gilles" last="Clément">Gilles Clément</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Denise, Pierre" sort="Denise, Pierre" uniqKey="Denise P" first="Pierre" last="Denise">Pierre Denise</name></country><country name="États-Unis"><noRegion><name sortKey="Reschke, Millard F" sort="Reschke, Millard F" uniqKey="Reschke M" first="Millard F" last="Reschke">Millard F. Reschke</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Wood, Scott J" sort="Wood, Scott J" uniqKey="Wood S" first="Scott J" last="Wood">Scott J. Wood</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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